1. Urinary Problem: urinary tract infection, bladder stones, urine crystals
2. Dirty Litter Tray: litter trays should be cleaned daily and fecal matter removed as soon as possible
3. Use of disinfectants: potent disinfectants such as bleach can discourage cats from using the tray. Detergents and warm water are sufficient.
4. Litter type: avoid scented litter
5. Toilet Position: Keep the litter tray in a quiet area away from thoroughfare, water bowls, food bowls, or sleeping areas.
I'm a vet in "companion animal" practice, working only with pets. I love my job, and I enjoy writing about it - in newspapers, on my blog, wherever. I have a weekly column in the UK's Daily Telegraph, as well regular features in several Irish newspapers. I live in Ireland with my wife and two young daughters, as well as a menagerie of animals and birds. Visit my blog to find out more.
Veterinary medicine is getting more and more sophisticated by the day.
In fact it is pretty much like human medicine in this regard. There are over twenty specialty areas recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association. These specialty areas require a three to four year residency after graduation from veterinary school and a specialist has to pass an examination to become board certified in their particular area of interest.
Clinical Signs:
• Straining to urinate
• No urinating
• Blood in the urine
• Urinating more frequently
• Urinating in unusual places or in their bed
Risk Factors:
• Poor quality diets
• Reduced water intake
• Unsuitable litter trays causing cats to “hold”
• Poor hygiene
• Poor health





